腹壁可触及肿物的超声辨别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 胃尿管肾脏A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )胃尿管肾脏出自胃和膀胱之间，通常座落胃尿管的下1/3 ，但也可出自仅座落胃下。这些肾脏可体现为完全无回音或低回音。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 所示11A，胃尿管肾脏，此肾脏已受病毒感染，之下带有微弱回音的液体。B，胃尿管肾脏，紧张的肾脏前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis输卵管内膜甲状腺肿Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).结节输卵管内膜甲状腺肿是输卵管手术后的长期合并症，无相同体现，但可于基本上手术的瘢痕西北侧见一全局肿物，并有周期性的瘙痒和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 所示12 ，剖宫产伤疤西北侧输卵管内膜甲状腺肿

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 结节血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生心脏病性咳嗽后、喷嚏或痉挛心脏病后，其从根本上通常是抗凝病患或败血症疾病。由于血肿限制于腹直肌鞘内，通常不很大，其形状根据所西北侧后方而定，在突起支线以上，血肿常为椭圆形，长轴呈上下斜向，可于左侧见到（所示13A）；在突起支线不限，由于腹白支线缺如，可拓展横过中支线，因此血肿体现为分锯齿状，其较大长度座落横轴上。在新生儿结节血肿可出自胃上横向拓展（所示13B、C）。术后高能量性肾脏内凝血的病童可于结节手术瘢痕附近见到大的血肿（所示13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 所示13A，一中年妇女无可避免咳嗽后腹直肌鞘血肿，斜线命令腹横筋膜。B，新生儿结节血肿。C，一新生儿胃肾脏填充西北侧前面的结节血肿。UV，胃肾脏。D，一高能量性肾脏内凝血的剖宫产术后病童疤痕西北侧结节血肿。

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